Generation of pressure.



- 1,. Dow. GENERATION OF-PRESSUHE.

APPLlcATloN FILED MAH. 2l. 1916.

Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

ZSHEETS-SHET l.

I :1176i W7 da I. D0W1 GENERATION 0F PRESSURE.

PatentedAug. 21,1917.

I APPLICATION FILED IIIAR.27| I9I6. LQSBY' I l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

y JOSIAH DOVV,`OE` PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

GENERATION OF PRESSURE.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, JosIAH Dow, a citizen of the United States, and residing in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadel-` phia,in the ,State of Pennsylvania, have invented certainy new and J useful Improveinentsin Generationof Pressure, of whichy kthe following is `a specliication, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming` a part hereof. e y

This invention `relates to the generation of pressure by the direct combustion of a combustible fluid within the pressure generating chamber, fromwhich the vapor under pressure may be conducted to amotor kor other place of use Where it may be used expansively; ,In accordance with the invention the combustible fluid (preferably alcohol, with referenceto the use of which the inventiony has been developed), being supplied under` pressure and preferably first vaporized, when the operation has once been instituted, by the heat developed by its own combustion, is delivered, in the form of vapor, yinto a mixing chamberwhere it is mixed with the proper amount of air (also supplied under pressure) to maintain perfect combustion, and thence intoa combustion chamberwhere it is burned, and the products of combustion, preferably after reheating or superheating by they heat developed and greatly expandedby compari- "son with the `original volume of alcoholvapor and air, are conducted to a motor in which the energy developed by heat is eX- pendedin useful work. Ther apparatus in which the; operation is carried on is not in an ordinary sense a steam generator although the alcohol in 4combustion develops both water vapor and carbonio acid gas, but the excess of heat developed above that necessary for the development of pressure which canbe used advantageously, may be utilized economically in the vaporization of a small additional quantity of water,which is admitted also under pressure and prefcrably in the `form of vaporwhereby not only is theexcess of heat absorbed but some additional volume of vapor underpressure e is created. Preferably the quantity of water or of steam admitted is regulated automati-` cally by the yarying temperature so that the resultant form. The invention will be `more fully Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed March 27, 191e.

pressure is substantiallyy -uni-` PatentedAug. 21, 191,7. Serial No. 86,955. i l

accompanying drawings in which it is illustrated and in which,` Figure l is a view tion of an approvedform of the generator.

Fig@ is line 2-2 of Fig. l. y

F 1g. 3, isa diagrammatic view showing the generator in its relationto the devicesL for supplying air, alcohol and water under pressure.

Fig. 4c is a detail top view ofra portion of the generator illustrating particularly the automatic control of the water. e l

In the mechanical embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings there are combined an outer shell or cylinder a, provided with heavy heads Z) and c and an inner, concentric cylinder vided` with headers or diaphragms c and There may be also an inclosing shell or casing g, the space between the outer shell a and the casing g being packed with asbestos or some other suitable non-conductor. The alcohol is supplied under pressure from a suitable source througha pipe It which is preferably coiled with several turns around the shell a, so thatthe alcohol may be vaporized by the heat, and is then connected to a suitable nozzle L formed in the lower head c. The `air which is t0 support the combustion of the alcohol is also supplied from a suitable source under pressure through a pipe z' to an air inlet z" in the lower head c, the alcohol vapor nozzle it being preferably. located in the throat of the air inlet z, in thefrelation of an atomizing nozzle, so that the alcohol vapor ,andy

airshall be thoroughly atomized and mixed. A perforated diaphragm or plate c isl preferably located between the inlet z" and the main combustion chamber to eii'ect a thorough distribution and intimate mixture of; the air and alcohol vapor, the mixing cham-` Tubes Z are securedr in the headers or dia-` phragms c and f and conduct the products of combustion,

from the chamber in vertical ,central seca view of the same in horizontalk section on the kplane indicated bythe broken 7" below the header f to ithe chamber c above the or shell fl, protheL oppositezend. portion of the cylinder p:

such annular chamber they are conducted,

through passages CZ to the interior of the shelld, amongthegtubesy Z, whereby they are` reheated or superheated, and from the chamber d2 within the shell Z they are conducted by a'y suitable pipe cl3 tothe motor or other place of use.` f

The water is supplied under pressure from a suitable' 'sourcethro'ugh a piper/a which is coiledwith severalturns within. the annular chamber a so'that the water maybe vaporizedin the pipe m and'may pass through its lower end and through perforations mf `in the vlower coil ofthe pipe intolthe lower portion of the annular chamber a to mingle therein with the products' of `combustion and to be delivered with such products vof 'combustion. through `the, passages "cl" into the chamber d2'.- V K l q Since the chief purpose vof the water or steam'admittedvto the combustion'` chamber is toabsorbv and to-bey vaporized bythe eX- cess ofl heat, it xis 'desirable thatthe admis# sion ofthe water or;V steam should be regu- 'lated in accordance withy the variation of heat within. the generator;y Accordingly there is provided in the upper part of the generator, as at n, (see l `i.gs.l1-and l), a pyrometer rod which, through suitable mechanical devices, indicated ata', is made to controla balanced-valve at m2 in the ywater supply pipe mso that'as-the heat in the generator increases abovel the predetermined normalfmore water shall be admitted and'` vice versa. f

A- safety valve may be secured to the-upper head e, as indicated ato in Figs. `1 and 3. It willbeobvious'that any suitable means maybe provided for supplyingthe alcohol,

the air and the water underv pressure. lt is desirable that these fiuids be lsupplied under substantially the samel pressure, 'which shall be uniform, andi for that. purpose there may be employed:suclnmeans as 'are indicated somewhat diagrammaticallyin Fig.l 3. Air fr'o1n,a pump'operated-byhand, or, by any other suitable source of power, after the generation ofp'oweris instituted,-by the motor itself, ist admitted` under the required pressure, preferably-about y180 pounds, through a pipepfto .fone endfof ay cylinder pf. From the same end ofthe cylinder air may pass through a pipe p2to thevpipe z' before mentioned: A branchg: from-the pipe p2 conducts theair under, pressure to the top of the vessel gcontainingwater to deliver the water under pressure to the pipe m by which it; is.' conductedto `the generator.

ylithin the cylinder p" is ay piston 274i r (pref-e erably a` double piston, as shown), and; in

conducted.

sion'of the alcohol, air andf water shall be'v regulated, suchv valves being in turn subJectto' and controllecl'by variations of pressure in the generator 'through pipes-h2, 2 and m3."

ltfwill be understood that the'efliciency of the generator in the developmentofpower depends upon the expansion in the generator, through combustion, 'of the elementswhich enter 'into the combustion, namely,v

the alcohol, the air, and the water vapor, if water vapor be admitted, and that the elii-` ciency of the motor in which theproducts of'combustionare used will depend upon the extent to which, that largely increased volume at the same pressure may-be made toy yield its energy yto the motor in a reduction to normal pressure. lt is believed that the highest eliiciency ofr the generator can be secured with a construction such as that' illustrated in the drawings and with the addition of water vapor, largely because of its efliciency in the 'transmission' of heat, but

it' will be seen that some degree of efficiency might be attained` without theuse of water vapor and without the internal tubes/for vaporizing they alcohol 'and' the water 'and for reheating the products of combustion shown in the' drawings. Various other changes in details of construction and arrangement will readily suggest themselves tof meet different conditions of use, [and it will be understood that the invention'is not restricted to the particular f' construction shown and described herein forth inthe appended claims.

vI'claimas my invention: Y

l. As an improvement in the art ofgenerating' pressure frein a combustible fluid, the mode hereindescribed which consists in l except as' setv delivering to a combustion chamber under Acz mode herein described which consists in delivering to a combustion chamber under pressure a mixture of combustible fluid and air, directing the products of combustion first forwardly, then rearwardly, and then again forwardly, and during the second forward excursion subjecting them to the action of the products of combustion during their first forward excursion, and adding to the products of combustion at an intermediate point in their travel water in volume only sufficient to prevent excessive heating of said products of combustion during their second forward excursion.

In apparatus for generating pressure from combustible fluid, the combination of a shell having opposite headers or diaphragme, a chamber within said shell, tubes crossing said chamber and secured in said headers, a casing inclosing a chamber in advance of said tubes, means yfor supplying to said chamber, under pressure, a mixture of combustible fiuid and air, means for conducting the products of combustion from the tubes to the chamber surrounding the same, means for mixing water with said products of combustion as they enter said chamber, and means for conducting the reheated products of combustion from said chamber to the place of use. l

Ll. In apparatus for generating pressure from combustible fluid, the combination of a shell having opposite headers or diaphragms, a chamber within said shell, tubes crossing said chamber and secured in said headers, a casing inclosing a chamber in advance of said tubes, means for supplying to said chamber, under pressure, a mixture of combustible fluid and air, means for conducting the products of combustion from the discl'iarge ends of the tubes to the chamber containing the same, said points of entry being adjacent to the receiving ends of the tubes, means for mixing water with said "products of combustion at thev point where they enter said chamber, and means for conducting the reheated products of combustion from said chamber to the place of use.

5. In apparatus 'for generating pressure from combustible fluid, the combination of inner and outer shells each provided with' headers at its opposite ends, said shells and headers being so disposed as to form a chamber within the inner shell, an annular chamber between the shells and chambers between the headers at the opposite ends thereof, tubes secured to the headers of the inner shell, and providing communication between the opposite end chambers, means for supplying to one end chamber, under pressure, a mixture of combustible fluid and air, means for conveying products of combustion from the other end chamber to the annular chamber between the shells, and thence to the chamber surrounding the tubes, means for mixing water with said products of combustion during such passage, and means for conveying the reheated products of combustion from the last named chamber to the place of use.

G. In apparatus for generating pressure from combustible fluid, the combination of inner and outer shells each having headers at opposite ends, said shells and headers being so disposed as to form a chamber within the inner shell, an annular chamber between the shells and chambers between the headers at the opposite ends thereof, tubes crossing said inner chamber and secured to the headers thereof, means for supplying to one of said end chambers, under pressure, a mixture of combustible fluid and air, means for conveying products of combustion from the opposite end chamber to the annular chamber between the shells and thence to the chamber surrounding the tubes, a water heater conA tained in said annular chamber, means for discharging water from said heater into the products of combustion as they enter the chamber surrounding the tubes, and means for conveying the reheated products of combustion from said chamber to the place of use.

7. In apparatus for generating pressure from combustible fluid, the combination of a 9 shell structure having at each end inner and outer headers with chambers between them, tubes secured to the inner headers and conn necting said end chambers, a perforated diaphragm extending across one end chamber between the inner and outer headers, and means for conveying, under pressure, to said chamber, on the outer side of the diaphragm, a mixture of combustible fluid and air.

This specification signed this 24th day of March A. D. 1916.

JOSIAH DOV.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing thel Commissioner of Patents, Washington, ID. C. 

